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Prevent Sludge and Plugging Issues while Optimizing Engine Performance

超低硫磺柴油（ULSD）对排放更好;但是，较少的硫可能导致燃料系统和罐中的维护问题。工程用于制定ULSD条带距离有益的润滑性;这可能导致燃料系统磨损并导致堵塞的喷射器和过滤器。此外，ULSD更有可能保留水分，将燃料和储罐放在细菌污染的风险中。

当留下未经处理的情况下，燃料系统问题并不需要损害发动机性能和燃油经济性。在冬季，这是一个更大的关注。

中央油携带Schaeffer的燃料添加剂，这在分散喷射器堵塞和堵塞时非常有效，同时防止新的沉积物形成。这种强大的保持性能意味着较长的组件寿命，更好的燃油经济性，较少的燃料吹嘘和恢复的马力。

Central Oil carries: DieselTreat 2000, Neutra Fuel Stabilizer, and SoyUltra Gasoline Additive. Each of these products增加润滑性保护，减少胶凝，增加寒冷的天气性能，并提供一致的燃料质量，同时减少排放。

要确定哪种产品适合您，请致电318.388.2602与今天与专家交谈。

什么是燃油风险管理？

燃油套期保值是A.contractual工具一些大型燃料消耗公司，如航空公司，邮轮和货运公司，用来减少其挥发性和潜在的燃料成本。燃料树篱合同是A.futures contract,使燃料消耗的公司建立a fixed or capped cost. The companies enter into hedging contracts to mitigate their exposure to future fuel prices that may be higher than current prices and/or to establish a known fuel cost for budgeting purposes. If such a company buys a fuel swap and the price of fuel declines, the company will effectively be forced to pay an above-market rate for fuel. If the company buys a fuel打电话选项燃料的价格增加，公司将收到抵消其实际燃料成本的选项的回报。如果该公司购买燃油呼叫选项，这需要预付高级成本，很像保险，燃料价格下降，该公司将不会收到可选择的回报，但它们将从那时较低的成本中获益购买燃料。

为什么对冲？

对冲特别欢迎，这些公司接触某些市场，例如商品或利率。例如，航空公司和铁路花费大量的燃料为他们的运营，因此对冲未来的燃料成本可以保护他们免受能源产品市场价格的飙升。

Oil and gas exploration and production companies provide a useful example of this use of hedging, as some players in the oil-rich shale plays like the Bakken and Eagle Ford hedged their anticipated future production and therefore earned huge gains on their hedge positions because of the plunge in oil prices on the open market during late 2014 and 2015. Those companies that didn't hedge, on the other hand, face the full impact of the crude oil drop, and some are struggling to get the capital they need to keep operating.

If you purchase bulk fuel, pre-booking your fuel may be something to strongly consider. Firstly, this program can help you minimize your exposure to the volatile fuel market; secondly, this program can help you establish an estimated fuel cost for the upcoming year. And ultimately, you will be better able to manage your operating costs when you use this program to budget fuel expenditure. Simply put, with Fuel Risk Management, you are guaranteed a budgeting tool that is a lifesaver for some of our customers; some of them even see savings as a result of pre-booking their fuel with Central Oil.

If you don’t know where to start, we recommend you booking 50-75% of your anticipated usage.

燃料风险管理常见问题解答：

• 什么类型的燃油可以预订？

清除路上柴油/落下的柴油/喷气机-A

• 
  
• How big is a transport load?

7,000加仑

• 
  
• How long do I have to take the delivery?

您将拥有整个月才能乘坐预订的负担

• 
  
• How much should I book?

我们建议预订50％ - 75％的预期使用

• 
  
• 押金何时到期？

存款在合同执行时截止

• 
  
• 我什么时候可以预订？

我们鼓励客户使用我们的FRM计划作为预算工具（在财政年度之前）。但是，您可以在一年中的任何时间预订！

• 
  
• How many types of contracts are there?

Fixed Forward

领选项

最高价格

（fool.com; wikipedia.com）

Here’s the每位员工应该知道的前10名工作场所安全提示to help you inform your own workers and create a workplace safety environment based on shared responsibility:

1）注意你的周围环境

This step requires knowing the particular hazards of your job or workplace. Once you’ve learned these risks, you are able to keep clear of potential hazardous areas and potential hazardous situations. Also, always be alert of machinery.

2）Keep Correct Posture To Protect Your Back

If you work at a desk, keep your shoulders in line with your hips to avoid back problems. If you’re picking things up, use correct form so your back doesn’t get hurt. Avoid stooping and twisting. If possible, always use ergonomic designed furniture and safety equipment so everything you need is within easy reach.

3）定期休息

So many work-related injuries and illnesses occur because a worker is tired, burned out and not alert to their surroundings. Taking regular breaks helps you stay fresh on the job. One trick to staying alert is to schedule the most difficult tasks when your concentration is best, like first thing in the morning.

4.)正确使用工具和机器

使用工具时采取适当的预防措施，从未采取快捷方式。使用脚手架作为梯子或一个工具来说是一个巨大的安全风险，或者在特定工作中代替另一个工具。使用工具正确的方式大大减少了工作场所伤害的机会。

5）保持紧急退出容易进入

如果紧急情况下，您需要快速，轻松地访问退出。如果您需要快速停止运作，还建议您可以清楚地访问设备关闭。

6）向您的主管报告不安全的条件

您的主管需要了解任何工作场所安全隐患或风险。他们在法律上有义务确保他们的员工有一个安全的工作环境，并会照顾不安全的条件，使他们对你和你的同事安全。

7）Use Mechanical Aids Whenever Possible

而不是试图携带或举起真正沉重的东西，以试图在工作日中拯救一条时间，而是额外的分钟使用独轮车，传送带，曲柄或叉车。伤害太多的风险涉及试图举起重量太大的东西。

8)保持清醒

大约百分之三的工作场所死亡是由酒精和毒品引起的。当工人的判断能力、协调能力、运动控制能力、注意力或警觉性受到影响时，这会导致许多工伤和死亡风险。

9)Reduce Workplace Stress

压力会导致抑郁和浓度问题。工作场所应力的共同原因包括长时间，繁重的工作量，工作不安全和与同事或管理者的冲突。承担对主管的工作场所压力的担忧，看看它们如何帮助您解决这些问题。

10）佩戴正确的安全设备

如果您没有佩戴正确的安全设备，可能会受伤。根据工作，耳塞，耳罩，安全帽，安全护目镜，手套或全面面具等设备大大降低了工作场所伤害的风险。

这取决于设施经理和企业主让他们的员工参与工作场所安全工作，鼓励他们成为过程中的积极成员。每天与他们分享工伤统计数据和他们的工作给他们带来的固有风险。提供激励措施，奖励他们表现出良好的工作场所安全行为。这些简单的举措确实起到了很大的作用。

资料来源：https://www.arbill.com/arbill-safety-blog/bid/182469/top-10-workplace-safety-tips-every-employee-should-know

你总是听说每个人都在寻找最好的汽车护理技巧，这将为严酷的冬季准备他们的汽车，但那些恶毒的夏日太阳怎么样？随着寒冷和雪，热量与您的车辆的威胁大。无论您是刚刚开车到公路还是在路上开车或乘坐公路旅行，如果您在高温下出示之前不遵循这九个提示，您就会冒出休息的可能性。我们按照正确照顾您的汽车，可以保留它永远奔跑。

1.在外面太热之前测试空调。在灼热的阳光下没有任何交流。如果你注意到空气出来但不够冷，可能有问题。您最有可能需要更多的制冷剂或需要更换空气过滤器。

2.检查轮胎压力。剧烈的温度变化会导致轮胎压力波动。如果压力超过或低于建议的PSI，轮胎将开始磨损不均匀。此外，如果你有夏季轮胎，现在是时候把它们。

3.确保散热器有足够的冷却剂。如果通过仪表板上的温度表发现您的车太热，您的冷却液可能不足或有泄漏。如果你有一辆旧的容易出故障的车，在车里多放些冷却液可能是个好主意。

4.。Keep up with oil changes.我知道它总是在最不方便的时期偷偷摸摸，但石油变化对你的汽车的保湿至关重要。你越多，你越多，你应该越来越容易改变。如果您不经常改变油，则至少在崩溃的情况下至少将额外的油保留在后备箱中。

5测试你的电池。Car batteries can fail any time of the year, but the rise in the temperature can take a significant toll on your battery. Bring your car to your local auto store and they will be able to test it for you – most stores do it for free!

6. Double check your brakes.You don’t want to be driving around with worn out brakes. If they feel funny or make weird noises while you’re driving, you should try replacing the brake fluids or take your car to a mechanic to be checked.

7更换挡风玻璃雨刮片和油液。你的雨刮刀片很可能从冰雪刮掉了刮水。因为更多的虫子在温暖的天气中飞越雨水液并撞到你的挡风玻璃上的雨水，这也是一个好主意 - 你将能够能够看到你要去的地方！

8. Get a car wash.融雪产生的道路盐和污垢会严重损坏汽车的油漆和底盘系统。没有比在温暖的天气里更适合洗车的了。如果你不想花额外的钱，你可以deta你自己的车（或把孩子们欺骗）。

9更新你的急救包。你可能在冬天用完了补给品，却忘了补充。一些必备物品包括急救箱、照明弹、水和电话充电器。

Source:https://drivesmartwarranty.com/car-center/resources/vehicle-care/preparing-your-car-for-warm-weather

Shell发布了2018年6月14日发表的陈述，Mobil Delvac 1300 Super 15W40未通过严格的CK-4沃尔沃T-13测试，它声称它通过。

Background on CK-4 and the Volvo T-13 Engine Test:

什么是CK-4？

CK-4 is the API’s (American Petroleum Institute) newest diesel engine oil standard. New engine oil standards are developed every few years to protect new and current engine technologies, meet government regulations, and ensure overall quality in the motor oil industry. API CK-4 oils were designed specifically to meet stricter emission standards. They’re also overall superior to CJ-4 oils in protecting engines from oil oxidation, viscosity loss, and oil aeration.

什么是沃尔沃T-13测试？

The Volvo T-13 Engine Test is a very severe 360-hour duration, high-temperature oxidation test – it is one of several tests used to determine if an oil is CK-4 compliant. Because the industry is responding to stricter emission standards, smaller engines are being built with increased turbo-charging; and in other cases, engines are being created to run at higher temperatures. Both scenarios create a very challenging environment for an oil to protect your engine. The Volvo T-13 Engine Test is used to determine if an oil will remain resilient in these severe, yet fuel efficient, engines.

这对你意味着什么：

当发动机油不能通过CK-4要求时意味着什么？

当油不通过所有CK-4需求,哟u risk deposit build-up, corrosive wear on engine parts, and viscosity thickening of the oil. This all can lead to reduced oil drain intervals, shorter engine life, and reduced energy efficiency and fuel economy.

Does Shell Rotella Pass the Volvo T-13 Test?

是的！当您使用Shell Rotella时，您可以自信，不仅它通过飞行颜色通过CK-4要求 - 它超出了沃尔沃，Mack和Cummins设置的严格要求。展示沃尔沃T-13测试中的稳健性能证据表明壳牌TOLELA T4三重保护15W40发动机油可以使OEM能够提供燃油效率的承诺，可以帮助客户保护其设备。

Happy Tuesday, everyone! We are back with the second half of our blog from last week. If you are new and want to catch up before you delve into this blog, check out last week's blog post这里。

Here is the rest of the list West Cash wrote about at Machinery Lubrication Magazine:

3.覆盖

Most plants I visit do not recognize that grease guns are precision instruments. They also fail to see the problems that can be caused by the misuse of grease guns. Overgreasing is a very common problem and can result in higher operating temperatures, premature bearing failure, and an increased risk of contaminant ingression.

轴承需要一定量的润滑脂才能正确润滑。确定所需润滑脂体积的常用公式是外径（英寸）乘以宽度（英寸）乘以0.114。这将提供轴承所需的润滑脂量（盎司）。

Once you have calculated the volume of grease for the bearing, you need to know how much grease the grease gun is dispelling per stroke. To do this, simply pump 10 shots of grease onto a plate and weigh it on a digital scale. Next, divide the weight of the grease by 10. This will give you the amount per stroke of output. Remember, certain grease guns can product pressures up to 15,000 psi and can cause numerous problems if not properly managed.

The Fix?

在计算所有轴承的再抛光要求，并确定油脂枪的输出是一个很好的开始，还有其他问题也必须解决。例如，润滑脂的输出可以在枪之间变化。抵消这个问题的最佳方法是用单打的油枪标准化，所以输出对于每个输出都是相似的。润滑脂枪也应致力于单一类型的油脂，每年至少检查一次。

如果可能的话，轴承应配备润滑脂吹扫配件，允许过量的润滑脂被排出，而不会影响密封的完整性。此外，所有经营油脂枪的专业人士都应培训他们的操作和后续轴承的正确方法。

4.缺少标签系统

标签是任何世界级润滑油计划的关键部分。它不仅可以通过最大限度地减少润滑剂的混淆来减少交叉污染的机会，它还允许可能不像润滑剂计划那样熟悉润滑油或润滑脂的个人。万博电竞体育

The Fix?

开发标签方案需要时间，但在正常工作时，它不仅可以提供各种信息，而且还可以提供润滑剂的各种信息，也可以提供各种信息。最佳标签设计包括所用润滑剂的颜色/形状方案。这提供了一种快速视觉参考，即机器内部的润滑剂。诺里亚开发了润滑剂识别系统，包括机器类型的所有基本信息，如基础油，应用和粘度。如前所述，一旦建立了标签系统，应将标签应用于所有润滑剂储存容器和应用装置。

5OEM呼吸器和防尘盖的使用

Most OEM accessories like breathers do little to restrict the ingression of tiny particles into oil and critical spaces, which can damage machine surfaces. Some of these breathers are simply a cap filled with steel wool or a mesh screen that serves as a block for larger particles. Considering the lubricant film in a journal bearing is approx. 5 to 10 microns, any particles of this size contaminating the oil will greatly increase the likelihood of wear and subsequent machine failure. These tolerance-sized particles do the greatest damage and have the highest probability of causing machine wear.

许多OEM呼吸不仅允许颗粒进入油，它们也无需限制水分进入油。油是吸湿的，这意味着它吸收来自环境空气的水分。在高湿度或蒸汽的区域中，水分将通过这些类型的呼吸器，并被吸收到油，套管锈，增加氧化和水解率，以及通过氧化和水解形成的酸的更高腐蚀性潜力。

The fix?

OEM呼吸应该用更高质量的版本替换，以限制微粒和水分进入。在市场上有几家呼吸器制造商，关键是让您的特定环境和操作条件的休息。在非常干燥的环境中，提供精细的旋涂颗粒过滤器，条件是环境湿度低。在更潮湿的环境中，混合式呼吸道可能是最佳选择。这种类型的呼吸器采用微粒过滤器来捕获硬颗粒，然后捕获硬颗粒，然后将水分从进入空气中剥离。所有这些呼吸均可拧入当前的呼吸口，以便快速简便。

有关工业厂房状态的问题，请随时在318-388-2602致电我们的全国认证的DFLT-S账户管理人员。

快乐#howtotuesday，每个人！

今天，我们很高兴通过博客上的机械润滑为一半的文章。（下半场进入一周！）本文涉及最常见的润滑问题WES现金观察电厂，食品加工厂，炼油厂和制造设施。作为具有两个国家认证的DFLT-S帐户管理人员的壳牌分销商，我们的团队也看到了许多这些问题！

下面不仅列出了最常见的工业润滑问题，还提供了解决这些问题的建议。

1。Lack of Procedures

Great lubrication problems are only as good as the people who do the work, just as a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. In many of my most recent projects, the retirement of technicians has been the problem of greatest concern. As Baby Boomers are reaching retirement age and subsequently retiring, they are taking with them a great deal of personal experience and knowledge of how they do their jobs. For some plants, the lube-tech position may have been held by a single person for decades. These professionals are the masters of their domains and know every sight, sound, and smell of their machines. It is imperative to pass down this type of dedication and understanding to the next generation of professionals. Unfortunately, all of this knowledge usually is not passed down. This results in problems and steep learning curve.

The Fix?

记录的程序可以减少打击并帮助新人员了解应执行任务的正确方式。虽然无数的文章和书籍已发表于编写程序的最佳方式，但一旦写作，必须实施该程序以实现其全部效果。润滑程序中执行的每个任务的全面文档提供了创建程序的最佳方法。您想写不仅用于润滑剂的应用程序，还要编写润滑剂如何在储存中处理润滑剂，在抵达时进行净化且甚至在使用后进行净化。万博电竞体育

2。不当的采样点和硬件

如果正确使用，油分析可以是一个非常有价值的工具。它允许您不仅监控油的健康，还可以在机器的健康状况中监控，以及在灾难性之前捕获失败。为了获得石油分析的所有好处，首先必须具有正确的样品点和硬件。许多植物将油采样视为二次功能，并且只需从带有不一致的滴管法的排水口的样品中取样。从排水端口采样时，您可以获得充满历史数据的样本（例如，沉积物和污泥的层）。磨损碎片趋势也可能很难建立，因为这些样品通常含有高浓度的污染物。

除了不一致的外，滴管采样经常要求机器脱离服务。这可以导致颗粒在贮槽的底部沉淀，这可以防止良好的相对样本从系统中取出。

通过修改机器，可以实现适当的采样端口。这将允许良好的样本从系统内部的“活”区域或石油正在经历湍流的区域或区域。

补救措施？

All machines to be included in the oil analysis program should be evaluated for the proper sampling hardware. Splash-bathed components such as bearings and gearboxes can be equipped with minimess sampling valves with pilot tube extensions. These extenders can be bent up into the "live" zone next to the bearing or gear teeth.

还应检查循环系统是否有最佳取样点。这些系统通常需要几个点。

主要点是从常规样本被绘制以提供整个系统的快照。主要样本的最佳位置位于主返回线歧管上，在任​​何返回线过滤器和湍流区域（通常是肘部）的区域之前。

在每个润滑部件后，应安装在油返回线中。辅助点允许您在主点触发警报后确定系统中的问题。

In conjunction with sampling hardware installation, all technicians should be trained in the proper way to pull samples. All sample tubing should be flushed with five to 10 times the volume introduced into the sample during the entire process.

（中央油为客户提供石油分析和取样作为客户。）请保持调整到第2部分的博客，这将在一周内来到！如果您对石油分析有任何疑问，请随时与318-388-2602联系客户经理。

PC-11获得绿灯

作者：Steve Swedberg•2015年12月16日

AUSTIN, Texas – PC-11, the next heavy-duty engine oil upgrade, received the go-ahead from both ASTM and the American Petroleum Institute here last week. The new category – which API officially will call CK-4 along with its fuel economy version, FA-4 – now is assured of being available for licensing on Dec. 1, 2016.

会议API CK-4的产品将继续与早期类别兼容，例如CJ-4和CI-4plus。然而，API FA-4可能只有有限的向后兼容性，因为它的最小高温，高剪切粘度低于在现有类别要求中规定的最低限度。

PC-11批准在12月8日，9日和第10次在石油产品和润滑油上的半年度收集ASTM委员会D02期间进入了一系列会议。万博电竞体育首先，ASTM的重型发动机油分类面板由雪佛龙肖恩·惠特雷担任顾客，不得不审查并接受所有PC-11的测试和限制，这是12月8日。

紧接着，另外两位利益相关者团体汇集了他们的协议：柴油机石油咨询小组代表发动机建造者和石油和加油公司，并由埃克森美孚和沃尔沃动力总成的格雷格柄吉尔格·斯克克（Greg Skank）联合主持;和新的贝西丹阿西领导的新分类开发团队开始于2011年12月开始研究PC-11，并嘲笑它完成。

12月9日，ASTM D02技术委员会B搬到了新标准，这是一种简单的形式，现在所有的障碍都被清除了。聘请Intertek的Joe Franklin是该委员会主席。

由Scott Lindholm席万博电竞体育位的席卷座，留下了API的润滑油组，将PC-11写入1509年，管辖该研究所的发动机油许可系统。Thanks to the group’s unanimous vote on Dec. 10, oil marketers can now lay plans to roll out CK-4 and FA-4 products next Dec. 1. That will be the first date licensees may display these designations in the trademarked API “donut” on their labels.

在接下来的几个月里，API仍有几个问题需要解决。首先，VGRA-BOI工作正在进行中，矩阵测试尚未完成。

在API 1509下允许VGRA，粘度等级读数，作为降低发动机序列测试成本的手段，通过比较多种粘度等级的某些发动机测试结果。例如，通常，较低的粘度油在成功通过某些程序方面具有更多困难;如果SAE 10W-30油赢得过度级，则其结果可以读取到较重的等级，例如SAE 15W-40，消除了运行额外测试的需要。

The same holds true for BOI, or base oil interchange. API has grouped base oils according to specific properties, such as sulfur content, saturates content and viscosity index. If a company with an approved engine oil formulation wants to change base oils, BOI guidelines may allow the blender to replace at least some of the original base oil without entirely re-testing the formulation.

So far, enough supporting data has been generated to establish BOI between Group II base oils for PC-11, but not for switching between Group II and Group III, nor for switching within the pool of Group III base oils.

Another and more provocative issue is how marketers will label the new oils – CK-4 and FA-4 – and how they’ll communicate the differences effectively to end users.

API委托一项研究以确定用户的价值和相信描述石油表现。这项研究的第一个结果表明，品牌名称和粘度等级是参与者始终如一地表示认可的唯一信息！API Donut商标和其他术语是大多数用户的奥秘。

鉴于此，美国石油学会决定开发一篇教育性文章，以传达具有美国石油学会类别名称的发动机机油的好处，其中将包括有关粘度等级的重要性及其对燃油经济性的影响的信息。

在PC-11开发过程中，有几种想法是关于公众意识努力的测试和丢弃。一个提议是创造一个异国情调的粘度等级，“SAE 26”，可能会识别满足SAE XW-30等级的FA-4定义的重型发动机油，其具有高温，高剪切粘度极限2.9到3.2厘泊。

然而，对于SAE XW-30，CK-4的空间也有HK-3，最低CP的HTH。它认识到这可能会为试图选择正确产品的石油客户创造混淆。

提出的另一个想法是将粘度等级标记为“SAE XW-30 L”或“SAE XW-30 H”。这被认为与SAE 26的概念一样令人困惑。最后，粘度识别系统保持不变。

While it will not affect first-licensing date, the documents that define engine oil categories are going to be revised to align with each other. API 1509 and ASTM D4485 are the two documents which identify the necessary tests and results to describe each oil category. Over the years, differences in terminologies and language conventions have resulted in some tortuous definitions and awkward footnotes. This is being addressed by a ta